ID 524 -
Kwas dokozaheksaenowy, Kwas eikozapentaenowy
PL: Kwas dokozaheksaenowy, Kwas eikozapentaenowy
EN: DHA+EPA - long chain omega 3 fatty acids
Pdf: eicosapentaenoic acid
Oświadczenie (2)
- stawów
- utrzymanie odporności
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituents which are the subject of the health claims are mixed long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in combination with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and, for ID 511, with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
The n-3 LCPUFA EPA, DHA and DPA are recognised nutrients and are measureable in foods by established methods. They are well absorbed when consumed in the form of triglycerides. This evaluation applies to EPA, DHA and, for ID 511, DPA from all sources with appropriate bioavailability in the specified amounts.
The Panel considers that the food constituents, EPA, DHA and DPA, which are the subject of the health claims are sufficiently characterised.
2.5. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu stawów (ID 503, 505, 507, 511, 518, 524, 526, 535, 537)
The claimed effects are “joint health” and “immunity maintenance”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings the Panel assumes that these claimed effects relate to the maintenance of normal joints.
The Panel considers that maintenance of normal joints is beneficial to human health.
3.5. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu stawów (ID 503, 505, 507, 511, 518, 524, 526, 535, 537)
A total of 18 human intervention studies, 18 reviews, three meta-analyses and six mechanistic studies on the effects of fish oil/n-3 LCPUFA/DHA plus EPA on joint pain, mobility and inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were provided. The submitted references also included two reviews on the treatment of RA with drugs and diet (Rennie et al., 2003; Proudman et al., 2007), several publications on the general properties of n-3 LCPUFA, and some review publications in relation to their effects on bone formation, bone resorption, and chondrocyte metabolism (Watkins et al., 2001; Curtis et al., 2002). The Panel notes that the paper by Curtis et al. (2002) has been retracted by the authors four years after its publication (Curtis et al., 2006).
No dietary requirement of n-3 LCPUFA for the maintenance of joint structure (e.g. of cartilage or other connective tissues) or function (e.g. maintenance of flexibility or mobility of the joints) in healthy humans has been demonstrated by the evidence provided.
All human intervention studies, all reviews and the three meta-analyses presented concern patients with clinical diagnosis of acute or chronic RA. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, symmetric, inflammatory, and destructive autoimmune arthropathy affecting the synovial joints with a prevalence of 0.5 to 2.0% in the population and the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood (Gruenwald et al., 2002; Rennie et al., 2003; Ramsbottom and Lockwood, 2006).
The Panel considers that the evidence provided does not establish that patients with clinical diagnosis of RA are representative of the general population with regard to the status of joint tissues, or that results obtained in subjects with RA relating to the treatment of symptoms of the disease (e.g., joint pain, joint swelling, joint stiffness, erosion of joint cartilage) can be extrapolated to the maintenance of structure and function of joints in the general population. Therefore, no conclusions can be drawn from the human studies presented with respect to the maintenance of normal joints in the general population.
The Panel also considers that the evidence provided in the in vitro studies submitted does not predict the occurrence of an effect of n-3 LCPUFA EPA, DHA and DPA supplementation on the maintenance of normal joints in humans.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of EPA, DHA and DPA and the maintenance of normal joints.
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Usual consumption as traditional foodstuff in a normal diet.
340mg total Omega 3 fatty acids daily.