ID 515 - Kwas dokozaheksaenowy, Kwas eikozapentaenowy

PL: Kwas dokozaheksaenowy, Kwas eikozapentaenowy
EN: DHA+EPA - long chain omega 3 fatty acids
Pdf: eicosapentaenoic acid

Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The food constituents which are the subject of the health claims are mixed long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in combination with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and, for ID 511, with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).
The n-3 LCPUFA EPA, DHA and DPA are recognised nutrients and are measureable in foods by established methods. They are well absorbed when consumed in the form of triglycerides. This evaluation applies to EPA, DHA and, for ID 511, DPA from all sources with appropriate bioavailability in the specified amounts.
The Panel considers that the food constituents, EPA, DHA and DPA, which are the subject of the health claims are sufficiently characterised.

2.2. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stężenia cholesterolu HDL we krwi (ID 515)

The claimed effect is “HDL (good) cholesterol”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) act as cholesterol scavengers and are involved in the reverse transport of cholesterol in the body (from peripheral tissues back to the liver). Conversely, low- density lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues, including the arteries.
The Panel considers that maintenance of normal HDL-cholesterol (without increasing LDL- cholesterol) concentrations is beneficial to human health.

3.2. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stężenia cholesterolu HDL we krwi (ID 515)

The effects of fish oils (mainly EPA plus DHA) on serum lipids and lipoproteins have been studied in numerous clinical trials. Harris (1997) published a meta-analysis of 72 studies with high doses
(2-4 g/d) of EPA and DHA. In another, more recent systematic review 21 studies were included (Balk et al., 2006).
Generally EPA plus DHA at high doses (2-4 g/d) have shown a small HDL-raising effect in subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia. In the meta-analysis by Harris (1997), an increase of 1-3% was observed, accompanied by an increase of 5-10% in LDL cholesterol. Balk et al. (2006) found a small average increase of 1.6 mg/dl in HDL cholesterol and 6 mg/dl in LDL cholesterol. The probable mechanism is increased lipoprotein lipase-mediated conversion of VLDL triglycerides to LDL and HDL-cholesterol (Jacobson, 2008). In subjects with normal triglyceride levels, no effects on serum total, LDL- or HDL-cholesterol are found (Harris, 1997).
The Panel considers that high doses of EPA plus DHA slightly increase HDL-cholesterol concentrations together with LDL-cholesterol concentrations in subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia, but do not affect HDL-cholesterol concentrations in normal subjects.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the dietary intake of EPA and DHA and the maintenance of normal HDL-cholesterol (without increasing LDL- cholesterol) concentrations.

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

The effective dose required to maintain healthy HDL cholesterol levels is estimated to be 500 mg n-3 LC-PUFAs per day. To carry the claim, a product should contain =30 mg n-3 LC-PUFAs per 100 g or 100 kcal, in accordance with the Update of the ANNEX of t