ID 489 - Kwas linolowy

PL: Kwas linolowy
EN: Essential fatty acid - Linoleic Acid (LA - omega 6)
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Oświadczenie (4)

Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is linoleic acid (LA) which is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms and two double bonds, and is present in various vegetable oils and legumes. In humans, LA is elongated and desaturated to arachidonic acid that is further metabolised into eicosanoids of the 2-series. LA is bioavailable and can be measured in foods by established methods.
The Panel considers that the food constituent, linoleic acid (LA), which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised.

2. Znaczenie oświadczenia dla zdrowia człowieka

The claimed effect is “blood cholesterol”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effect relates to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues, including the arteries. Elevated LDL-cholesterol, by convention >160mg/dL, may compromise the normal function of the arteries.
The Panel considers that the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations is beneficial to human health.

3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka - Zmniejszenie stężenia cholesterolu we krwi

In a meta-analysis of 60 randomised controlled clinical trials, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly as LA, significantly reduced serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Replacing 1% of energy from carbohydrates with PUFA reduced LDL-cholesterol concentrations by 0.02 mmol/L (Mensink et al., 2003). The estimated change in the total/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio was - 0.032. LA was the main source of PUFA in the studies. Smaller amounts of alpha-linolenic acid were used in some of the studies, but the effects on lipoproteins of LA and alpha-linolenic acid are similar and the n-6/n-3 ratio of dietary PUFA does not affect the serum lipid profile (Goyens and Mensink, 2005).
No specific data on the effects of LA intake on cholesterol concentrations have been presented for children, but there is no scientific evidence for different effects in children as compared to adults.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of LA and the reduction of blood cholesterol concentrations.

4. Uwagi do zaproponowanego brzmienia oświadczenia

The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence:
“Linoleic acid may help to maintain normal blood cholesterol concentrations”.

5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

The Panel considers that in order to bear the claim a food should contain at least 15% of the proposed labeling reference intake values of 10 g of LA per day. Such an amount can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. The target population is the general population.

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

To be eligible to make “heart health” claims margarines and fatspreads products must contain • At least 10% fat (on product basis) and • At least 70% UFA on fat basis (the UFA consisting of cis MUFA and cis PUFA ) and • Not more than 2% TFA from fat. This composition ensures that the products are at least cholesterol neutral or even cholesterol lowering. The criteria are scientifically valid based on the so called Mensink equation.Minimum amount of omega 3, alpha linolenic acid should be 0.3 g per 100 g of product (in case of “source”) or minimum amount of omega 3, alpha linolenic acid should be 0.6 g per 100 g of product (in case of “high”).