ID 351 - Magnez

PL: Magnez
EN: Magnesium
Pdf: magnesium

Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The food constituent that is the subject of the health claims is magnesium, which is a well recognised nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Magnesium occurs naturally in foods and is authorised for addition to foods (Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1925/20066 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC7). This evaluation applies to magnesium naturally present in foods and to those forms authorised for addition to foods (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, magnesium, which is the subject of the health claims, is sufficiently characterised.

2.6. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 351)

The claimed effect is “antioxidant properties”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
Reactive oxygen species including several kinds of radicals are generated in biochemical processes (e.g. respiratory chain) and as a consequence of exposure to exogenous factors (e.g. radiation, pollutants). These reactive intermediates damage molecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids if they are not intercepted by the antioxidant network, which includes free radical scavengers such as antioxidant nutrients.
The Panel considers that protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage may be a beneficial physiological effect.

3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka - 

Magnesium is an essential nutrient and serves as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in biological processes. Magnesium is part of the Mg-ATPase complex and is essential for oxidative phosphorylation; it has roles in energy metabolism, mineral homeostasis, calcium metabolism, and neuromuscular and endocrine function (IoM, 1997; SCF, 2001; Volpe, 2006).
In the human body, 50 to 60 % of magnesium is located in the bone. Part of it is readily exchangeable with serum and therefore bone represents a magnesium store. The remaining magnesium is mainly intracellular; extracellular magnesium represents only 1 % of the total magnesium content of the body.
Because magnesium is mostly within cells or in bone, assessment of magnesium status is difficult (Rude and Shils, 2006).
Manifestations of magnesium deficiency include signs related to bone and mineral metabolism, neuromuscular and psychological manifestations (e.g. positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs, spontaneous carpal-pedal spasm, seizures, vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus, athetoid and choreiform movements, muscular weakness, tremor, fasciculation, wasting, depression, psychosis, hallucinations, confusion), symptoms related to potassium homeostasis, and cardiovascular manifestations (Rude and Shils, 2006; FAO/WHO, 2001; O'Brien, 1999). Most of the early symptoms of magnesium depletion are neurological or neuromuscular; thus, a decline in magnesium status produces loss of appetite, nausea, muscular weakness, vomiting, fatigue, lethargy, staggering and, if the deficit is prolonged, weight loss (FAO/WHO, 2001; Volpe, 2006). Progressively increasing with the severity and duration of deficiency are signs such as hyperirritability, hyperexcitability, muscular spasms and tetany, leading ultimately to convulsions (FAO/WHO, 2001).

3.5. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 351)

Two references were cited for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
In a RCT on patients (n=92) with acute myocardial ischaemia undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (Kurian et al., 2007), subjects received either magnesium supplementation (42 male, 10 female), or a placebo (30 male, 10 female). Serum concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were measured as well as plasma TBARS and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, caeruloplasmin) activities, and cardiac marker enzymes. The Panel considers that TBARS are not reliable markers of lipid peroxidation and notes
that induction of antioxidant enzymes provides an indication of response to oxidative stress, but it is non specific and does not reflect oxidative damage to cells or molecules.
The second study was an in vitro study which reported on the hydroxyl radical generating ability and scavenging activity of magnesium, manganese and zinc compounds. The Panel considers that evidence provided in in vitro studies is not sufficient to predict the occurrence of an effect of the dietary intake of magnesium on the protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage in humans.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the dietary intake of magnesium and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage.

5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

The Panel considers that in order to bear the claim a food should be at least a source of magnesium as per Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. The target population is the general population. No Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) has been established for magnesium normally present in food and beverages. An UL for older children and adults has been established for readily dissociable magnesium salts and compounds like magnesium oxide in nutritional supplements, waters or added to food and beverages (SCF, 2001).

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

153 – 470 mg