ID 35 - Ryboflawina

PL: Ryboflawina
EN: Riboflavin
Pdf: various food(s)/food constituent(s) that are referring to children’s development

Oświadczenie (4)

Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The food constituent that is the subject of the health claims is riboflavin (vitamin B2), which is a well recognised nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Riboflavin occurs naturally in foods and is authorised for addition to foods (Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/20066 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC7). This evaluation applies to riboflavin naturally present in foods and those forms authorised for addition to foods (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, riboflavin, which is the subject of the health claims, is sufficiently characterised.

2.1. Udział w prawidłowym pozyskiwaniu energii w procesach metabolicznych (ID 29, 35, 36, 42)

The claimed effects are “energy metabolism”, “riboflavin participates in oxidation-reduction reactions in numerous metabolic pathways and in energy production via respiratory chain”, “macronutrient metabolism” and “release of energy from food”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effects relate to energy- yielding metabolism.
The Panel considers that contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism is a beneficial physiological effect.

3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka - 

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble, yellow, fluorescent compound, chemically specified as a 7,8-dimethyl-10-(1'-D-ribityl)-isoalloxazine. The vitamin is a precursor of certain essential coenzymes such as flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In these coenzyme forms riboflavin functions as a catalyst for oxidation and reduction reactions and electron transport. Riboflavin is thus involved in a wide variety of metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis and catabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates (IoM, 1998; SCF, 2000; Powers, 2003).
Riboflavin deficiency usually occurs in conjunction with other nutritional deficiencies. Early signs of riboflavin deficiency are soreness and burning of the lips, mouth, and tongue; burning and itching of the eyes; photophobia; and a loss of visual acuity. The most common signs are pallor and maceration of the mucosa at the angles of the mouth (angular stomatitis) and vermilion surfaces of the lips (cheilosis), eventually replaced by superficial linear fissures. The fissures can become infected with Candida albicans, causing grayish white lesions (perlèche). The tongue may appear magenta. Seborrheic dermatitis develops, usually affecting the nasolabial folds, ears, eyelids, and scrotum or labia majora. These areas become red, scaly, and greasy. Rarely, neovascularisation and keratitis of the cornea can also occur, causing lacrimation and photophobia (Bates, 2005; Bender, 2002). Deficiency symptoms also include normochromic, normocytic anaemia associated with pure erythrocyte cytoplasia of the bone marrow (IoM, 1998).

3.1. Udział w prawidłowym pozyskiwaniu energii w procesach metabolicznych (ID 29, 35, 36, 42)

The evidence provided by consensus opinions/reports from authoritative bodies and reviews shows that there is consensus on the role of riboflavin in energy-yielding metabolism (JHCI, 2003; Bates, 2005; SCF, 2000; IoM, 1998; EVM, 2002).
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Riboflavin has an important role as a coenzyme in energy-yielding metabolism acting as an electron carrier in a wide variety of oxidation and reduction reactions that are central to many metabolic processes, including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle (Bender, 2002; Rivlin, 2006).
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of riboflavin and the contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism.

4.1. Udział w prawidłowym pozyskiwaniu energii w procesach metabolicznych (ID 29, 35, 36, 42)

The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Riboflavin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism”.

5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

The Panel considers that in order to bear the claims a food should be at least a source of riboflavin as per Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) have not been established for riboflavin in children, adolescents and adults (SCF, 2000).

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

0.85mg/day (equal to 50% of ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake Must meet minimum requirements for use of the claim "source of [name of vitamin/s] and/or [name of mineral/s], source of protein etc (delete as appropriate)" as per Annex to Regulation 1924/2006.