ID 340 -
Mangan
PL: Mangan
EN: Manganese
Pdf: manganese
Oświadczenie (2)
- stan psychiczny i wydajność
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is manganese, which is a well recognised nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Manganese occurs naturally in foods and is authorised for addition to foods (Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1925/20064 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC5). This evaluation applies to manganese naturally present in foods and those forms authorised for addition to foods (Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, manganese, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised.
2.4. Funkcje poznawcze (ID 340)
The claimed effect is “mental state and performance”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effect relates to cognitive function.
The Panel considers that normal cognitive function is beneficial to human health.
3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka
Manganese is essential as a cofactor for the metalloenzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase, arginase, galactosyltransferase and pyruvate carboxylase. Manganese also activates a number of other enzymes such as various decarboxylases, glutamine synthetase, hydrolases, kinases and transferases, such us glycosyltranferases. Manganese is not essential for the activity of most of these enzyme systems, which can also be activated by other metals, with the exception of glycosyltransferases (JHCI, 2003; Buchman, 2006).
3.4. Funkcje poznawcze (ID 340)
A total of six references were provided in the consolidated list to support this claim (Takeda, 2003 and 2004; Bourre, 2004; Wedler, 1993; Shils et al., 1994; Buchman, 2006; Mason, 2001).
Glutamine synthetase, which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to glutamine, is a manganese metalloprotein and accounts for approximately 80% of total manganese in the brain. Manganese- deficient rats are more susceptible to seizures induced by electroshock than control rats fed a manganese-adequate diet and ataxia has been reported in offspring from manganese-deprived rats (Takeda, 2003). Manganese deficiency has not been well documented and does not occur readily in humans. An impairment in neurological function is not among the signs and symptoms of manganese deficiency described in humans (Buchman, 2006). Although lower plasma concentrations of manganese have been found in sub-groups of patients with psychiatric diseases as compared to healthy controls (Takeda, 2003), it has not been shown that these conditions respond to increased manganese intake. No data have been provided on the effects of manganese supplementation on cognitive function or mental performance.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the dietary intake of manganese and normal cognitive function. However, the evidence provided does not establish that inadequate intake of manganese leading to impaired cognitive function occurs in the general EU population.
5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
The Panel considers that in order to bear the claims a food should be at least a source of manganese as per Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. The target population is the general population. Although adverse health effects of excess intake of manganese have been reported, Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) have not been established owing to lack of data on dose response (SCF, 2000).
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Food supplement with 1-2mg of manganese in the daily dose