ID 309 -
Mangan
PL: Mangan
EN: Manganese
Pdf: manganese
Oświadczenie (4)
- Mangan przyczynia się do ochrony składników komórki przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym
Oświadczenie (2)
- antyoksydacyjne
- ochrona tkanek i komórek przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is manganese, which is a well recognised nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Manganese occurs naturally in foods and is authorised for addition to foods (Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1925/20064 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC5). This evaluation applies to manganese naturally present in foods and those forms authorised for addition to foods (Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, manganese, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised.
2.1. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 309)
The claimed effects are “protection of body tissues and cells from oxidative damage” and “antioxidant activity”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including several kinds of radicals are generated in biochemical processes (e.g. respiratory chain) and as a consequence of exposure to exogenous agents (e.g. radiation, pollutants). These reactive intermediates can cause oxidative damage to biologically important molecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids if they are not intercepted by the antioxidant defence system which includes free radical scavengers like antioxidant nutrients.
The Panel considers that the protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage is beneficial to human health.
3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka
Manganese is essential as a cofactor for the metalloenzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase, arginase, galactosyltransferase and pyruvate carboxylase. Manganese also activates a number of other enzymes such as various decarboxylases, glutamine synthetase, hydrolases, kinases and transferases, such us glycosyltranferases. Manganese is not essential for the activity of most of these enzyme systems, which can also be activated by other metals, with the exception of glycosyltransferases (JHCI, 2003; Buchman, 2006).
3.1. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 309)
SOD catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and, as such, it is an important antioxidant defence in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. SOD2 (Mn-SOD) is the isoenzyme of SOD present in mitochondria. Its synthesis is regulated by manganese by a mechanism of gene activation and reduced activity of the enzyme has been shown in manganese deficiency in mice. Mice lacking SOD2 die a few days after birth owing to massive oxidative stress. Tissue Mn- SOD activity increases after exposure to environmental factors inducing an increase of free radicals in animal cells (JHCI, 2003; Buchman, 2006).
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of manganese and the protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. However, the evidence provided does not establish that inadequate intake of manganese leading to impaired protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage occurs in the general EU population.
4.1. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 309)
The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Manganese contributes to the protection of cell constituents from oxidative damage”.
5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
The Panel considers that in order to bear the claims a food should be at least a source of manganese as per Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. The target population is the general population. Although adverse health effects of excess intake of manganese have been reported, Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) have not been established owing to lack of data on dose response (SCF, 2000).
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Must at least be a source of mineral/s as per annex to regulation 1924/2006