ID 2903 - Substancje słodzące - ksylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, laktitol, izomalt, erytryt, D-tagatoza, izomaltuloza, sukraloza, polidekstroza

PL: Substancje słodzące - ksylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, laktitol, izomalt, erytryt, D-tagatoza, izomaltuloza, sukraloza, polidekstroza
EN: Carbohydrates - non-cariogenic e.g. isomaltulose; tagatose, polyols, polydextrose. Absence of, or low , fermentable carbohydrates
Pdf:

Oświadczenie (4)

Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The food constituents that are the subject of the health claims are “carbohydrates - non-cariogenic e.g. isomaltulose; tagatose, polyols, polydextrose, absence of, or low, fermentable carbohydrates”, “polydextrose”, “xylitol in candy and bakery industry products and in dairy products”, “polyols”, “isomaltulose”, “isomalt”, “D-tagatose” and “sucralose”.
In the context of the proposed wordings and conditions of use, the Panel assumes that the food constituents, which are the subject of the health claims, are xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose and polydextrose, which should replace sugars in foods in order to obtain the claimed effects.
The Panel considers that the food constituents, the sugar replacers xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose and polydextrose, which are the subject of the health claims, are sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effects.

2.2. Zmniejszenie stężenia glukozy we krwi po posiłku (ID 617, 619, 669, 1590, 1762, 2903, 2908, 2920)

The claimed effects are “low glycaemic properties”, “reduced speed of digestion and absorption results in lower glycaemic response”, and “post-prandial blood glucose”. The Panel assumes that the target population is individuals wishing to reduce their post-prandial glycaemic responses.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effects refer to the reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses.
Postprandial glycaemia is interpreted as the elevation of blood glucose concentrations after consumption of a food and/or meal. This function is a normal physiological response which varies in magnitude and duration, and which may be influenced by the chemical and physical nature of the food or meal consumed, as well as by individual factors (Venn and Green, 2007). Reducing post-prandial glycaemic responses may be beneficial to subjects with, for example, impaired glucose tolerance, as long as post-prandial insulinaemic responses are not disproportionally increased. Impaired glucose tolerance is common in the general population of adults.
The Panel considers that the reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (as long as post-prandial insulinaemic responses are not disproportionally increased) may be a beneficial physiological effect.

3.2. Zmniejszenie stężenia glukozy we krwi po posiłku (ID 617, 619, 669, 1590, 1762, 2903, 2908, 2920)

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following consumption of the sugar alcohols considered in this opinion are significantly lower compared to glucose or sucrose on a weight basis in healthy and diabetic subjects when consumed in liquid form at doses between 10 and 50 g. The addition of the sugar alcohols to simple and complex meals compared to the addition of glucose or sucrose leads to similar results. The reduced post-prandial blood glucose response of sugar alcohols compared to glucose or sucrose is explained by the interference of the alcohol group that replaces the carbonyl group with digestion and absorption, and the occurrence of saccharide linkages other than the alpha-1-4 and alpha-1-6 glycosidic bonds present in available carbohydrates (Livesey, 2003).
Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following consumption of isomaltulose have been shown to be significantly lower in healthy subjects compared to sucrose on a weight basis when consumed in water (Achten et al., 2007; Kawai et al., 1985; MacDonald and Daniel, 1983), and compared to dextrin when consumed in a liquid diet for enteral nutrition (14 % protein, 31 % fat and 55 % carbohydrate), with or without a standard breakfast in which isomaltulose replaced about 55 % of dextrin (Arai et al., 2007). The reduced rate of digestion and absorption, and subsequent reduced post-prandial blood glucose response of isomaltulose compared with sucrose or dextrin, is explained by the slower hydrolysis of the disaccharide alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds by isomaltase compared with other disaccharides (Achten et al., 2007; Arai et al., 2007).
The effects of D-tagatose (the C-4 epimer of D-fructose) on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses have been shown to be about 3 % of those of glucose on a weight by weight basis when administered in liquid solution (SUGiRS, 2004). Polydextrose, a glucose polymer with sorbitol end
groups and randomly branched chains (average degree of polymerisation of 12), which is indigestible in the small intestine, and sucralose, an intense sweetener with no energy value, are also likely to induce lower post-prandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses than glucose or disaccharides on a weight basis.
No evidence has been provided that adding the sugar replacers considered in this opinion to available carbohydrate-containing foods affects the post-prandial glycaemic or insulinaemic responses to those foods.
In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that the food constituents xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose or polydextrose resulted in reduced post-prandial blood glucose (or insulinaemic) responses compared with sugars on a weight by weight basis owing to their reduced/delayed digestion/absorption and/or to a decrease in the amount of available carbohydrates, and that the consumption of foods/drinks in which xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose or polydextrose replaced sugars induced lower post-prandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses than sugar-containing foods/drinks.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of foods/drinks containing xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose or polydextrose instead of sugar and reduction in post-prandial blood glucose responses (without disproportionally increasing post-prandial insulinaemic responses) as compared to sugar-containing foods/drinks.

4.2. Zmniejszenie stężenia glukozy we krwi po posiłku (ID 617, 619, 669, 1590, 1762, 2903, 2908, 2920)

The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Consumption of foods/drinks containing instead of sugar induces a lower blood glucose rise after meals compared to sugar-containing foods/drinks”.

5.2. Zmniejszenie stężenia glukozy we krwi po posiłku (ID 617, 619, 669, 1590, 1762, 2903, 2908, 2920)

The Panel considers that in order to bear the claim, sugars should be replaced in foods or drinks by xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose or polydextrose, or a combination of them, so that foods or drinks contain reduced amounts of sugars as per Annex of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 and in accordance with the Guidance on the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health for comparative nutrition claims made on foods7 (section 2.2.3).
If excessive amounts of bulk sweeteners (polyols) are consumed, laxative effects may occur. In order to ensure that consumers receive adequate information, the labelling of foods containing more than 10°% added polyols must include the advisory statement “excessive consumption may produce laxative effects” (Commission Directive 94/54/EC).

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia