ID 271 -
Miedź
PL: Miedź
EN: Copper
Pdf: copper
Oświadczenie (4)
- Miedź przyczynia się do utrzymania prawidłowego stanu tkanki łącznej
Oświadczenie (2)
- włosów, paznokci tworzenia tkanki łącznej
- tkanki łącznej
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is copper which is a well recognised nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Copper occurs naturally in foods and is authorised for addition to foods (Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/20064 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC5). This evaluation applies to copper naturally present in foods and those forms authorised for addition to foods (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, copper, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised.
2.3. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu tkanki łącznej (ID 265, 271, 1722)
The claimed effect is “connective tissues” and “hair, nail connective tissue formation”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
The connective tissue is a structural component of several body structures including bone, cartilage, gums, skin, hair follicles, nails, tendons and blood vessels.
The Panel considers that maintenance of normal connective tissues is beneficial to human health.
3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka
Copper is a component of some enzymes, cofactors, and proteins in the body. Among those copper metalloenzymes that have been identified in humans are: monoamine oxidase, diamine oxidase, lysyl oxidase, peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase, caeruloplasmin, ferrooxidase II, cytohrome c oxidase, dopamine β-hydroxylase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and tyrosinase. The biochemical role of copper is primarily catalytic, with many copper metalloenzymes acting as oxidases to achieve the reduction of molecular oxygen (Biesalski et al., 1997; Garrow et al., 2000; EVM, 2002; Gibney et al., 2002; Mann and Truswell, 2001; Sadler et al., 1999; Wenzel, 1999).
3.3. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu tkanki łącznej (ID 265, 271, 1722)
The evidence provided by consensus opinions/reports from authoritative bodies and reviews shows that there is good consensus on the role of copper in the formation of elastin and collagen, which constitute the structure of connective tissues.
Copper is a cofactor of lysyl oxidase (LO), which is an extracellular enzyme critical to the formation and function of connective tissue throughout the body. The reaction of oxidative deamination of specific lysine residues in the extracellular matrix initiates the formation of cross-links that stabilise newly formed elastin and collagen (Linder and Hazegh-Azam, 1996).
Symptoms of severe copper deficiency include lack of collagen maturation and defective sheathing of blood vessels, which can result in aneurysms (Rodriguez et al., 2008).
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of copper and maintenance of normal connective tissues. However, the evidence provided does not establish that intake of copper inadequate for the maintenance of normal connective tissues occurs in the general EU population.
4.3. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu tkanki łącznej (ID 265, 271, 1722)
The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Copper contributes to maintenance of normal connective tissues”.
5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
The Panel considers that in order to bear the claim a food should be at least a source of copper as per Annex to Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) has been established for copper as 5 mg/day in adults and
during pregnancy and lactation. For children and adolescents UL was established as 1 mg/day for 1-3 years, 2 mg/day for 4-6 years, 3 mg/day for 7-10 years, 4 mg/day for 11-17 years (SCF, 2003).
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Minimum 15% RDA