ID 263 -
Miedź
PL: Miedź
EN: Copper
Pdf: copper
Oświadczenie (4)
- Miedź przyczynia się do ochrony składników komórki przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym
Oświadczenie (2)
- ochrona tkanek i komórek przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym, antyoksydacyjne
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is copper which is a well recognised nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Copper occurs naturally in foods and is authorised for addition to foods (Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/20064 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC5). This evaluation applies to copper naturally present in foods and those forms authorised for addition to foods (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, copper, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised.
2.1. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 263, 1726)
The claimed effect is “protection of body tissues and cell from oxidative damage; antioxidant activity”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including several kinds of radicals are generated in biochemical processes (e.g. respiratory chain) and as a consequence of exposure to exogenous factors (e.g. radiation, pollutants). These reactive intermediates damage biologically relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids if they are not intercepted by the antioxidant network which includes free radical scavengers like antioxidant nutrients.
The Panel considers that the protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage is beneficial to human health.
3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka
Copper is a component of some enzymes, cofactors, and proteins in the body. Among those copper metalloenzymes that have been identified in humans are: monoamine oxidase, diamine oxidase, lysyl oxidase, peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase, caeruloplasmin, ferrooxidase II, cytohrome c oxidase, dopamine β-hydroxylase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and tyrosinase. The biochemical role of copper is primarily catalytic, with many copper metalloenzymes acting as oxidases to achieve the reduction of molecular oxygen (Biesalski et al., 1997; Garrow et al., 2000; EVM, 2002; Gibney et al., 2002; Mann and Truswell, 2001; Sadler et al., 1999; Wenzel, 1999).
3.1. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 263, ID 1726)
Copper functions as a component of a number of metalloenzymes acting as oxidases to achieve the reduction of molecular oxygen, such as cytochrome c oxidase, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme (IoM, 2001). This latter enzyme is localized in the cytosol of mammalian cells and provides a defence against oxidative damage from superoxide radicals that, if uncontrolled, can lead to the formation of other damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its activity is related to copper intake (Turnlund, 1998), albeit other factors, such as the induction of oxidative stress, also affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (Knasmuller et al., 2008). Caeruloplasmin is the predominant copper protein in plasma and may have antioxidant functions (IoM, 2001; Klotz et al., 2003).
The Panel considers that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of copper and the protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. However, the evidence provided does not establish that inadequate intake of copper leading to impaired protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage occurs in the general EU population.
4.1. Ochrona DNA, białek i lipidów przed uszkodzeniem oksydacyjnym (ID 263, 1726)
The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Copper contributes to the protection of cell constituents from oxidative damage”.
5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
The Panel considers that in order to bear the claim a food should be at least a source of copper as per Annex to Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) has been established for copper as 5 mg/day in adults and
during pregnancy and lactation. For children and adolescents UL was established as 1 mg/day for 1-3 years, 2 mg/day for 4-6 years, 3 mg/day for 7-10 years, 4 mg/day for 11-17 years (SCF, 2003).
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Must at least be a source of mineral/s as per annex to regulation 1924/2006