ID 2031 - Kwasy chlorogenowe z kawy

PL: Kwasy chlorogenowe z kawy
EN: Chlorogenic acids from Coffee
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Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The foods/food constituents that are the subjects of the health claims are coffee, Coffea Arabica L., chlorogenic acids from coffee, and antioxidants in coffee.
Coffee contains a wide range of “bioactive” compounds including caffeine and other purine derivatives, polyphenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid derivatives and its degradation product caffeic acid, and specific diterpenes such as kahweol and cafestol. No information is provided on the concentration of such compounds in coffee, but this will likely depend on the coffee variety, on the roasting of the beans and on the brewing process, such as the use of coffee filters. Also, no specifications were provided on the compounds or molecules generically referred to as “antioxidants in coffee”.
The Panel notes that chlorogenic acid from coffee has been specified as the “active” food constituent responsible for the claimed effects considered in this opinion. Chlorogenic acids from coffee are well defined compounds which can be measured in foods by established methods.
The Panel considers that whereas the food/food constituents, coffee and antioxidants in coffee, are not sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effects evaluated in this opinion, the food constituent, chlorogenic acids from coffee, is sufficiently characterised.

2.3. Udział w utrzymaniu lub osiągnięciu prawidłowej masy ciała (ID 2031, 4326)

The claimed effects are “weight loss and weight control in overweight adults/reduces glucose absorption from gut” and “promotes weight-loss and weight-control in overweight healthy adults by reducing glucose uptake in the gastrointestinal system/absorbance from the gut (by regulating glucose homeostasis in the liver, thus promoting the use as fat as a source of energy in the body)”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effects refer to body weight control.
Weight management can be interpreted as the contribution to maintenance of a normal body weight. In this context, weight loss in overweight subjects without achieving a normal body weight is considered to be a beneficial physiological effect.
The Panel considers that contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight is a beneficial physiological effect.

3.3. Udział w utrzymaniu lub osiągnięciu prawidłowej masy ciała (ID 2031, 4326)

A number of references on the bioavailability of chlorogenic acids, on the effects of coffee and chlorogenic acids on blood glucose control, and on the effects of chlorogenic acids in animal and in vitro models with respect to mutagenicity, antioxidant capacity and inhibition of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase have been provided. The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from these references for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
A randomised, controlled trial investigated the effects of an instant coffee containing a green coffee extract (200 mg of extract per 2200 mg of coffee) with a high content of chlorogenic acids (i.e. 90-100 mg of chlorogenic acids per 200 mg of green coffee extract with equal amounts of the three isomers 5-, 4-, and 3-caffeoylquinic acid) and <2 % caffeine with no cafestol or kahweol vs. regular decaffeinated instant coffee containing 30-40 mg of chlorogenic acid per g of coffee on body weight in 30 overweight adults (Thom, 2007). Participants selected were overweight, non-smokers, and not taking medication on a regular basis for the treatment of chronic diseases, and were asked to maintain their usual diet and physical activity or exercise programmes. Subjects consumed 11 g of the test coffee per day (n=15) or 11 g of the control coffee per day (n=15), in both cases as black coffee, for 12 weeks, and were followed up for one and three months after the end of the study. The Panel notes the small sample size of the study, and that the background diet and physical activity at baseline, along with changes during the study, were not assessed and/or reported, for which reason it is unclear whether intervention and control groups were comparable for these variables. The Panel notes the important methodological limitations of the study and considers that no conclusions can be drawn from this study for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
Another randomised, placebo-controlled human intervention study on the effects of a green coffee extract (200 mg of extract per capsule) containing chlorogenic acids (i.e. 90-100 mg per capsule with equal amounts of the three isomers 5-, 4-, and 3-caffeoylquinic acid) and <2 % caffeine with no cafestol and kahweol vs. placebo (maltodextrin) on body weight in overweight and obese subjects (males and females aged 19 to 75 years) was provided (Dellalibera et al., 2006). Participants were randomised to consume two capsules daily of the green coffee extract (n=30) or placebo (n=20) with the main meal for 60 days in the context of a “mildly hypocaloric diet”. The Panel notes that, although the authors reported that the intervention and placebo groups were “homogeneous with respect to body weight and fat-free mass to fat mass ratio”, the baseline characteristics of participants in both groups were not provided, and that whether these groups were comparable for other variables (e.g. age and sex distribution) was not reported. The Panel also notes that the background diet and physical activity at baseline and during the intervention were not reported, and that no details were given with
respect to the “mildly hypocaloric diet” prescribed during the study, nor on whether (and how) compliance with dietary advice was checked. The Panel notes the important methodological limitations of the study and considers that no conclusions can be drawn from this study for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of chlorogenic acids from coffee and contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight.

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

Three tablets to be taken daily.