ID 1869 -
Glukozamina
PL: Glukozamina
EN: Glucosamine
Pdf: various food(s)/food constituent(s) not supported by pertinent human data
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claims is glucosamine, either as glucosamine hydrochloride or as glucosamine sulphate, either alone or in various combinations with chondroitin sulphate.
Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is replaced with an amino group (-NH2) (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose). The raw material is derived from chitin, a biopolymer present in the exoskeleton of marine invertebrate animals (Foot and Mulholland, 2005). Glucosamine is usually formulated as the hydrochloride salt or as glucosamine sulphate. Glucosamine sulphate is most often the glucosamine-6-sulphate. There are large differences between the hydrochloride and the sulphate compounds regarding biological activity (Foot and Mulholland, 2005).
Chondroitins are glycosaminoglycans consisting of an alternating sequence of D-glucuronate and N- acetyl-D-galactosamine-4/6-sulphate residues linked through alternating bonds. The disaccharide units are joined to one another by a β1-4 linkage. The residues are joined by a β1-3 linkage. Chondroitin is a mixture of different forms. The most common ones are chondroitin-4-sulphate, also known as chondroitin sulphate A, chondroitin-6-sulphate also known as chondroitin sulphate C, and dermatan sulphate, also known as chondroitin sulphate B (Foot and Mulholland, 2005; Šimánek et al., 2005; Lamari and Karamanos, 2006).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, glucosamine, either as glucosamine hydrochloride or as glucosamine sulphate, either alone or in various combinations with chondroitin sulphate, which is the subject of the health claims, is sufficiently characterised.
2.2. Ograniczenie zapalenia (ID 1869)
The claimed effect is “immune system”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel notes that this claimed effect relates to the reduction of inflammation.
The Panel considers that under certain circumstances the reduction of inflammation might be beneficial to human health.
3.2. Ograniczenie zapalenia (ID 1869)
Three review papers on the role of glucosamine sulphate in the treatment of osteoarthritis, one review on the general functions of glucosamine in the body, one review on the effects of glucosamine on markers of inflammation in animal models of acute chemical toxicity, and one animal study on the
anti-inflammatory activity of glucosamine in carrageenan- and cotton pellet-induced acute and sub- acute inflammation in rats were provided to substantiate the claimed effect.
The Panel considers that the evidence provided does not establish that patients with OA are representative of the general population with regard to the inflammatory status of the joint tissues, and that the evidence provided in the animal studies does not establish the occurrence of an effect of glucosamine sulphate intake on inflammation in humans.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the dietary intake of glucosamine sulphate and the reduction of inflammation.
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Does claim rely on the presence/presence in a reduced quantity/absence of a nutrient or other substance:
Presence of a nutrient or other substance
Number of nutrients/other substances that are essential to claimed effect: 1
Names of nutrient/other substances and Quantity in Average daily serving: 1500 mg Glucosamine sulfate
Weight of average daily food serving: 1500 miligram(s)
Daily amount to be consumed to produce claimed effect: 1500 miligram(s)
Number of food portions this equates to in everyday food portions: 3.00
Are there factors that could interfere with bioavailability: No
Length of time after consumption for claimed effect to become apparent: up to 12 weeks
Is there a limit to the amount of food which should be consumed in order to avoid adverse health effects: No
Other conditions for use: This beverage should be consumed as part of a varied, balanced, and healthy lifestyle. Three beverages must be consumed daily in order to gain benefit.This product should be avoided by pregnant and lactating women, and children.
