ID 1512 - Koenzym Q10

PL: Koenzym Q10
EN: Co-Enzyme Q 10
Pdf: coenzyme Q10

Oświadczenie (2)

1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika

The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone).
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is part of the ubiquinone family of compounds, all containing 1,4 benzoquinone as the functional group with a side chain of isoprenyl units, which is 10 units in the case of coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 can exist in three oxidation states: the fully reduced ubiquinol form (CoQ10H2), the radical semiquinone intermediate (CoQ10H) and the fully oxidised ubiquinone form (CoQ10). Coenzyme Q10 can be synthesised in most human tissues and occurs widely in nature, including foods, mainly in meat, poultry and fish. Coenzyme Q10 is measurable in foods by established methods.
The Panel considers that the food constituent, coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), which is the subject of the health claims, is sufficiently characterised.

2.1. Udział w prawidłowym pozyskiwaniu energii w procesach metabolicznych (ID 1508, 1512, 1720, 1912, 4668)

The claimed effects are “energy metabolism”, “ubiquinione takes part in electron-transferring in the respiratory chain”, “for physiological energy”, “energy production, muscle function” and “energising by stimulating the obtainance of adenosine triphosphate from the cellular energetic processes”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings and clarifications provided by Member States, the Panel assumes that the claimed effects relate to energy-yielding metabolism.
The Panel considers that contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism is a beneficial physiological effect.

3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is found in high concentrations in the mitochondria, it is involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain as an electron acceptor/donor, and is known to play a role in oxidative mitochondrial phosphorylation (ATP production). Coenzyme Q10 can be synthesised by the body and there is no need for coenzyme Q10 in human diets (SCF, 1993).

3.1. Udział w prawidłowym pozyskiwaniu energii w procesach metabolicznych (ID 1508, 1512, 1720, 1912, 4668)

A total of 86 references were provided in the consolidated list in relation to this claim. Most of the references were narrative reviews from textbooks and scientific journals in relation to the biochemical function, metabolism, kinetics and antioxidant capacity of coenzyme Q10, and to the potential therapeutic applications of high supplemental doses (>100 mg/day) in patients with heart failure, diabetes and/or hypertension. Some of the references provided reported on outcomes in relation to physical performance, blood pressure, oxidative damage and antioxidant function, whereas others reported on in vitro/ex vivo studies on the saturation kinetics of coenzyme Q10 in relation to different enzymes in animal muscle biopsies, such as in beef heart mitochondria (Lenaz et al., 1994; 1997). The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from these references for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
One uncontrolled intervention study was provided on the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (100 mg/day) for six months in middle aged post-polio subjects (n=3) and healthy volunteers (n=4). Muscle energy metabolism during exercise and recovery was measured using 31P-NMR spectroscopy (Mizuno et al., 1997). The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from this small and uncontrolled study for the scientific substantiation of the claimed effect.
In another randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled intervention study the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (300 mg/day), for four weeks in elderly subjects prior to hip replacement, on muscle fibre type composition and induced changes in gene and protein expression, was measured in muscle biopsies (Linnane et al., 2002). Results on gene expression were presented for five subjects (treatment/placebo: 3/2), and on fibre type composition in 14 subjects (treatment/placebo: 7/7). A
significant effect was observed on both gene expression and induced protein synthesis, as well as on fibre type (higher proportion of type IIb „fast twitch‟ fibre) in the intervention compared to the control group. The Panel notes the small number of subjects included in the study and that, although the changes observed in relation to coenzyme Q10 supplementation might affect muscle energy metabolism, the relevance of these results to the claimed effect are unclear.
The Panel notes that no data have been provided supporting an effect of coenzyme Q10 consumption on energy-yielding metabolism under the proposed conditions of use in the target population.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) and contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism.

Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia

30 mg /day