ID 15 -
Witamina A
PL: Witamina A
EN: Vitamin A
Pdf: vitamin A
Oświadczenie (4)
- Witamina A przyczynia się do utrzymania prawidłowego stanu skóry i błon śluzowych
Oświadczenie (2)
- kości / zębów / włosy / zdrowie skóry i paznokci
- Struktura i funkcje skóry i błon śluzowych (np. w płucach, jelitach, nos, oczy i żeńskich dróg rodnych)
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claims is vitamin A which is a well recognised nutrient. It is measurable in foods by established methods.
The term vitamin A describes a group of lipid soluble compounds related metabolically to all-trans-retinol. In the diet, vitamin A is found in products of animal origin, as retinyl esters, mainly retinyl palmitate. Other esters (oleate, stearate, myristate), and retinol contribute to the dietary vitamin A intake. Some carotenoids (α- and β-carotenes, β-cryptoxanthine) can be cleaved into retinol, via an enzymatic process in the small intestine. Retinoic acids are considered as the molecular species responsible for all the functions attributed to vitamin A, with the exception of vision, where only retinal is able to exert an action (SCF, 2002).
Different forms of vitamin A are authorised for addition to foods and for use in food supplements (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/20064 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC5). This evaluation applies to vitamin A naturally present in foods and those forms authorised for addition to foods and for use in food supplements (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, vitamin A, which is the subject of the health claims is sufficiently characterised.
2.3. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu skóry i błon śluzowych (ID 15, 17)
The claimed effects are “structure and function of the skin and mucous membranes (such as in the lung, intestines, nose, eyes and female reproductive tract)” and “Bone/Teeth/Hair/Skin and Nail health”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
The Panel considers that maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes is beneficial to human health.
3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka
It is recognised that vitamin A is important for normal vision, gene expression, reproduction, embryonic development, growth and immune function (IoM, 2001). Vitamin A deficiency signs include impaired dark adaptation, abnormal electroretinograms, follicular hyperkeratosis and lowered blood haemoglobin (SCF, 1992).
3.3. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu skóry i błon śluzowych (ID 15, 17)
Vitamin A is required for the integrity of epithelial cells throughout the body. Retinoic acid, through the activation of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors in the nucleus, regulates the expression of various genes that encode for structural proteins, enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, and retinol binding proteins and receptors (IoM, 2001).
The systemic effects of vitamin A deficiency include dryness of the skin (follicular hyperkeratosis), loss of mucus-secreting goblet cells in the trachea and respiratory tract, and a generalised flattening of epithelia (squamous metaplasia, sometimes with keratinisation) throughout the body (Ross, 2005).
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between dietary intake of vitamin A and maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes. However, the evidence provided does not establish that intake of vitamin A inadequate for the maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes occurs in the general EU population.
4.3. Utrzymanie prawidłowego stanu skóry i błon śluzowych (ID 15, 17)
The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes.”
5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
The Panel considers that in order to bear the claims a food should be at least a source of vitamin A as per Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. The target population is the general population. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for pre-formed vitamin A have been established for children and adults. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for adults has been set at 3000 µg RE/day (SCF, 2002).
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Must at least be a source of vitamin/s as per annex to regulation 1924/2006