ID 1411 -
Dieta o bardzo niskiej zawartości energii
PL: Dieta o bardzo niskiej zawartości energii
EN: Very low calorie diet (VLCD) Programme
Pdf: very low calorie diets
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The diet that is the subject of the claims is "very low calorie diet (VLCD) program".
Very low calorie diets (VLCDs) or very low energy diets are diets which contain energy levels between 450 and 800 kcal per day, and 100 % of the recommended daily intakes for vitamins and minerals. They should contain not less than 50 g of high-quality protein (protein-digestibility-corrected amino acid score of 1), should provide not less than 3 g of linoleic acid and not less than 0.5 g alpha-linolenic acid with a linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic acid ratio between 5 and 15, and should provide not less than 50 g of available carbohydrates (CODEX STAN 203-19956). VLCDs are typically used for 8-16 weeks.
The Panel notes that the nutritional composition and use of VLCDs is not regulated in the European Union.
Additional components or interventions included in a "very low calorie diet (VLCD) program", however, are not sufficiently characterised; these may vary between programs and may affect both initial weight loss and long term weight maintenance. Similarly, the types of available carbohydrates (e.g. their chemical composition and physical properties) which formula foods for use in VLCDs should contain, are not specified. The Panel also notes that the fatty acid composition of formula foods for use in VLCDs is only partially specified (CODEX STAN 203-1995).
The Panel considers that whereas the diet which is the subject of the claim, VLCD, is sufficiently characterised in relation to the following claimed effects: reduction in body weight (ID 1410), reduction in the sense of hunger (ID 1411), and reduction in body fat mass while maintaining lean body mass (ID 1412), VLCD is not sufficiently characterised in relation to: reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (ID 1414) and maintenance of normal blood lipid profile (ID 1421), mainly owing to the lack of standardisation of the type of available carbohydrates and of most of the fatty acids that formula foods for use in VLCDs should contain.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship cannot be established between the consumption of a VLCD and reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (ID 1414) and maintenance of normal blood lipid profile (ID 1421).
The Panel considers that the diet which is the subject of the claim, VLCD, is sufficiently characterised in relation to the following claimed effects: reduction in body weight (ID 1410), reduction in the sense of hunger (ID 1411) and reduction in body fat mass while maintaining lean body mass (ID 1412).
2.2. Redukcja odczuwania uczucia głodu (ID 1411)
The claimed effect is “reduced hunger”. The Panel assumes that the target population is obese adults in the general population.
In the context of the proposed wordings, the Panel assumes that the claimed effect refers to a reduction in sense of hunger mediated by the induction of ketogenesis during a sustained energy deficit.
The Panel considers that reduction in the sense of hunger during a sustained energy deficit is a beneficial physiological effect.
3.2. Redukcja odczuwania uczucia głodu (ID 1411)
The references provided for the scientific substantiation of the claim included narrative reviews, and human intervention studies on diets other than VLCDs (e.g. low carbohydrate diets and low fat diets) and/or effects other than sense of hunger (e.g. body weight changes, body composition and snoring). The Panel considers that no conclusions can be drawn from these references for the scientific substantiation of the claim.
No references were provided which addressed the effects of VLCDs on sense of hunger.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of a VLCD and reduction in the sense of hunger during a sustained energy deficit.
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Nutritionally complete, ketogenic VLCD formula providing <800kcal/day