ID 126 -
Witamina K
PL: Witamina K
EN: Vitamin K
Pdf: vitamin K2
1. Charakterystyka żywności / składnika
The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is vitamin K (i.e. phylloquinone and menaquinone) which is a well recognized nutrient and is measurable in foods by established methods.
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat soluble, 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinones, including phylloquinone (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, vitamin K1) and menaquinones (collectively known as vitamin K2). Menaquinones are a large series of compounds containing an unsaturated side chain with differing numbers of isoprenyl units at the 3 position in the methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone nucleus. Depending on the number of isoprenyl units, the individual compounds are designated as menaquinone-n-(MK-n). Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) is found in higher plants and algae, with the highest concentration in green leafy vegetables. Menaquinones (vitamin K2) occur naturally in foods and can also be produced by many bacteria.
Phylloquinone and menaquinones are naturally present in foods and phylloquinone has been authorised for addition to foods and for use in food supplements (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/20064 and Annex I of Directive 2002/46/EC5). This evaluation applies to vitamin K naturally present in foods and to the form authorised for addition to foods and for use in food supplements (Annex II of the Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 and Annex II of Directive 2002/46/EC).
The Panel considers that the food constituent, vitamin K, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised.
2.2. Krzepnięcie krwi (ID 124, 126)
The claimed effects are “heart health” and “blood coagulation”. The Panel assumes that the target population is the general population.
The Panel considers that normal blood coagulation is beneficial to human health.
3. Naukowe uzasadnienia wpływu na zdrowie człowieka -
Proteins containing γ-carboxy-glutamic acid (Gla) residues are known to be dependent on vitamin K for their synthesis. These include (but are not limited to) the plasma clotting factors II, VII, IX, X; proteins S, C and Z (which play an anticoagulant rather than a procoagulant role in normal haemostasis); and osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein (MGP), which are abundant in bone and appear to play a role in the control of tissue mineralisation and skeletal turnover.
Vitamin K status is determined through measures of the ratio of carboxylated to non carboxylated vitamin K – dependent proteins.
3.2. Krzepnięcie krwi (ID 124, 126)
Vitamin K is needed for the normal function of many of the enzymes involved in the coagulation cascade through carboxylation of glutamic acid in the side chain, and hence allowing calcium fixation (IoM, 2001).
Restriction of vitamin K intakes to levels almost impossible to achieve in any nutritionally adequate, self-selected diet (10 µg/day for several weeks) do not impair normal haemostatic control in healthy subjects. Although there is some interference in the hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors that can be measured by sensitive assays, standard clinical measures of pro-coagulant potential are not changed, except in some breast-fed infants.
The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of vitamin K and normal blood coagulation.
4.2. Krzepnięcie krwi (ID 124, 126)
The Panel considers that the following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Vitamin K contributes to normal blood coagulation”.
5. Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
The Panel considers that in order to bear the claims a food should be at least a source of vitamin K as per Annex to Regulation 1924/2006. Such amounts can be easily consumed as part of a balanced diet. The target population is the general population.
Warunki i możliwe ograniczenia stosowania oświadczenia
Must at least be a source of vitamin/s as per annex to regulation 1924/2006